![]() ![]() Copyright Office considers joint copyright owners to have an equal right to register and enforce the copyright. ![]() However, if a book is written primarily by one author, but another author contributes a specific chapter to the book and is given credit for that chapter, then this probably wouldn’t be a joint work because the contributions aren’t inseparable or interdependent. The most common example of a joint work is when a book or article has two or more authors. When two or more authors prepare a work with the intent to combine their contributions into inseparable or interdependent parts, the work is considered joint work and the authors are considered joint copyright owners. If the creator has sold the entire copyright, the purchasing business or person becomes the copyright owner.Works that don’t fall within one of these eight categories constitute works made for hire only if created by an employee within the scope of his or her employment. If the work is created by an independent contractor and the independent contractor signs a written agreement stating that the work shall be “made for hire,” the commissioning person or organization owns the copyright only if the work is (1) a part of a larger literary work, such as an article in a magazine or a poem or story in an anthology (2) part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, such as a screenplay (3) a translation (4) a supplementary work such as an afterword, an introduction, chart, editorial note, bibliography, appendix or index (5) a compilation (6) an instructional text (7) a test or answer material for a test or (8) an atlas.If a work is created by an employee in the course of his or her employment, the employer owns the copyright.What are the exceptions to the rule that the creator of a work owns the copyright?Ĭopyrights are generally owned by the people who create the works of expression, with some important exceptions: ![]()
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